Blog posts from Naples Computer Techs.

Desktop keyboards vary by layout, size, switch technology, connectivity, and purpose; the main types are mechanical, membrane, scissor, ergonomic, wireless, gaming, and compact/tenkeyless variants. Choose by comfort, noise tolerance, durability, and features like macros or backlighting. Quick comparison table Type Key tech / layout Typical users Pros Cons Mechanical Individual mechanical switches (linear/tactile/clicky) Gamers, typists, power users Durable; tactile feedback; customizable Louder; pricier. Membrane Rubber dome or membrane layer under keys Office, casual users Quiet; inexpensive; lightweight Less tactile; shorter lifespan. Scissor Switch Low‑profile scissor mechanism (laptop style) Laptop users; compact desktop setups Low travel; quiet; slim profile Harder to repair; less travel than mechanical. Ergonomic / Split Split or tented layouts; curved keywells Users with wrist strain; heavy typists Reduces wrist strain; promotes neutral posture Learning curve; larger footprint. Wireless (Bluetooth / RF) Bluetooth or USB dongle connectivity Mobile setups; living room PCs Cable‑free; flexible placement Battery maintenance; possible latency. Gaming Mechanical or hybrid switches; macros; RGB Competitive gamers; streamers Low latency; programmable keys; robust build Often expensive; feature bloat for non‑gamers. Compact / TKL / 60% Reduced keysets; no numpad or nav cluster Minimalists; gamers with limited desk space Saves desk space; portable Missing dedicated keys; relies on layers/shortcuts. Key distinctions explained Switch technology is the single biggest factor in feel and durability: mechanical switches offer distinct tactile or audible feedback and long lifespans, while membrane and scissor designs prioritize quiet and low profile. Layout and size (full‑size, TKL, 75%, 60%) determine which keys are immediately available; tenkeyless (TKL) is a common compromise for gamers who don’t need a numpad. Ergonomics: split and tented keyboards can reduce repetitive‑strain risk but require an adjustment period and sometimes extra desk space. How to choose If you type a lot: prioritize mechanical tactile switches or an ergonomic split layout for comfort and longevity. If you game competitively: choose a low‑latency wired mechanical keyboard with anti‑ghosting and programmable macros. If you want quiet and budget: a membrane or scissor‑switch keyboard is practical and affordable. Risks and tradeoffs Noise vs feel: clicky mechanical switches are satisfying but may disturb others. Battery life vs convenience: wireless models need charging or batteries. Space vs functionality: compact boards save space but hide keys behind layers.

20 titles Sort by List order Flip or Flop (2013) 1. Flip or Flop 2013–2022TV-GTV Series 6.2 (2.3K) Christina and Tarek buy houses and then refurbish them to make a profit in California, USA. They were married but are just business partners now. StarsTarek El MoussaChristina HallTaylor El Moussa Property Brothers (2011) 2. Property Brothers 2011–2019TV-GTV Series 7.1 (3.7K) Brothers Jonathan and Drew Scott help diverse couples find, buy and transform second-hand homes into the home they've always dreamed of. StarsDrew ScottJonathan Silver ScottAndria Barrett Chip Gaines and Joanna Gaines in Fixer Upper (2013) 3. Fixer Upper 2013–2018TV-GTV Series 8.1 (3.7K) Chip and Joanna Gaines take on clients in the Waco Texas area, turning their fixer uppers into the homes of their dreams. StarsJoanna GainesChip GainesDustin Anderson Hilary Farr and David Visentin in Love It or List It (2008) 4. Love It or List It 2008–2026TV-GTV Series 6.5 (2.9K) Homeowners decide that their houses don't fit their lifestyle anymore, but whether they stay or go depends on experts Hilary Farr and David Visentin. Will they love their newly renovated home, or will they list it to buy another? StarsDavid VisentinHilary FarrEric Eremita Drew Scott and Jonathan Silver Scott in Property Brothers - Buying + Selling (2012) 5. Property Brothers - Buying + Selling 2012– TV-GTV Series 7.1 (936) BUYING & SELLING WITH THE PROPERTY BROTHERS, the all-new realty series where Jonathan and Drew help homeowners take their next step up the property ladder. Featuring two pivotal real estate moments, double the stress, and twice the manpower, first Jon renovates the family's home for a successful sale, while Drew hunts down the best options for the family's next property and oversees the selling and buying. StarsDrew ScottJonathan Silver ScottJodi Krangle Mina Starsiak in Good Bones (2016) 6. Good Bones 2016–2024TV-GTV Series 7.4 (1.2K) Mom and daughter flipping abandoned houses in Indianapolis. StarsKaren LaineMina StarsiakTad Starsiak Todd Talbot and Jillian Harris in Love It or List It Vancouver (2013) 7. Love It or List It Vancouver 2013–2019TV-GTV Series 6.8 (705) A Vancouver couple, with a house that doesn't fit their needs, must decide between moving to a better one that Todd will look for them or continuing to live in their house recently renovated by Jillian. StarsJillian HarrisTodd TalbotKenny Gemmill Ben Napier and Erin Napier in Home Town (2016) 8. Home Town 2016– TV-GTV Series 8.1 (1.9K) Ben and Erin Napier work with each other to change old homes into dream homes. StarsBen NapierErin NapierRichard T. Jones Nicole Curtis in Rehab Addict (2010) 9. Rehab Addict 2010– TV-GTV Series 7.8 (898) Nicole Curtis rescues historic homes in Detroit and Minneapolis from demolition, restoring them to their former beauty. The single mom leads her crew and works with officials to revive condemned properties. StarsNicole CurtisJason SanfordBobby Prothero Desert Flippers (2016) 10. Desert Flippers 2016– TV Series 7.4 (341) Wisconsin transplants Eric and Lindsey Bennett are transforming sunny Palm Springs, California one dilapidated house at a time. Renovating 20 properties a year while raising two small children is no small feat, and this couple takes it in stride. But when you go behind the walls of houses that live in triple-digit heat, you never know what you might find, scorpions, rattlesnakes, black widows and even squatters. In each episode of Desert Flippers , Eric and Lindsey search out a diamond in the rough, but they might find something that's just plain rough. StarsEric BennettLindsey BennettMichael Schneider Bristol Marunde and Aubrey Marunde in Flip or Flop Vegas (2017) 11. Flip or Flop Vegas 2017– TV-GTV Series 5.8 (346) MMA fighter Bristol Marunde and his wife scoop up neglected homes in Las Vegas, Nevada. Using his demo strength and her design sense, they'll create stunning showplaces with the hopes of winning big in Sin City. StarsBristol MarundeAubrey MarundeJason Michael Gerber Ken Corsini and Anita Corsini in Flip or Flop Atlanta (2017) 12. Flip or Flop Atlanta 2017– TV-GTV Series 6.9 (167) Husband-and-wife team Ken and Anita Corsini are on a mission to rehab homes in Atlanta. They race against the clock to renovate dilapidated houses and make them habitable once again. StarsAnita CorsiniKen CorsiniJason Williams Flip or Flop Nashville (2018) 13. Flip or Flop Nashville 2018–2019TV-GTV Series 7.0 (101) Page Turner and DeRon Jenkins aren't just house flippers in Nashville, they're also exes. With a decade of partnership, this driven team takes on big, small and dirty jobs to get top dollar on their investments. StarsPage TurnerDeRon Jenkins Flip or Flop Fort Worth (2017) 14. Flip or Flop Fort Worth 2017– TV Series 7.9 (122) Husband-wife team Andy and Ashley Williams are military veterans turned real estate investors. With tight budgets and even tighter timelines, the duo is on a mission to rehab rundown homes in the hot Texas market. StarsAndy WilliamsAshley Williams Alison Victoria in Windy City Rehab (2019) 15. Windy City Rehab 2019– TV-GTV Series 6.5 (565) Interior designer Alison Victoria buys and restores old homes in Chicago. During the rehab, she saves one-of-a-kind architectural features while updating the design with her usable luxurious style. StarsAlison VictoriaAri SmejkalKristy Yarbrough 16. Flipping the Block 2014– TV-GTV Series 8.0 (37) Four teams of skilled competitors join forces on on extraordinary renovation. They'll demo, reno and transform four run-down condos into move-in ready show pieces...all while living amidst the construction dust! In the end, the team that gets the highest bid for their condo unit at auction, minus what they spent from their design budget, will win the $50,000 prize. Host Josh Temple and behind-the-scenes reporter David Bromstad will talk you through all the action, and reno experts Scott McGillvray and Nicole Curtis will help and critique the contestants along the way StarsJosh TempleCurtis GoldinWhitney Spinks Flip It to Win It (2013) 17. Flip It to Win It 2013– TV Series 7.7 (20) From the steps of the courthouse to the "oohs" and "aahs" of an open house, five teams of expert flippers bid against each other for abandoned houses sight unseen. StarsTodd HillMichael T StewartVicky Lee Love It or List It Too (2015) 18. Love It or List It Too 2015– TV Series 6.4 (120) Jillian and Todd help homeowners decide whether to love or list their current homes. Jillian is a designer that uses the help of her project manager and his renovation team to improve functionality and update homes. Todd shows the homeowners other homes on the market that meet their wishlist needs within their budget. StarsJillian HarrisTodd Talbot House Hunters Renovation (2012) 19. House Hunters Renovation 2012– TV-GTV Series 6.5 (280) Watch people buy homes that are fixer upper and then turn them into their dream home. StarsAndromeda DunkerMollie RanizeKelli Ellis Scott McGillivray in Income Property (2008) 20. Income Property 2008– TV-GTV Series 7.5 (347) Scott helps people in debt find new houses to buy, renovate, and rent out to others to create an income. StarsScott McGillivrayTim SellersJosé Arias

There are hundreds of pizza‑topping varieties (meats, vegetables, cheeses, sauces, seafood, and novelty items), but in the U.S. the most popular toppings are pepperoni, sausage, mushroom, extra cheese, and bacon. These meaty and cheese-forward choices dominate both operator sales data and consumer surveys. Quick guide — what to consider when choosing toppings Flavor balance: salty/umami meats, fatty cheeses, and bright vegetables create contrast. Texture: crisp vs. soft toppings change mouthfeel (e.g., pepperoni cups vs. thin‑sliced mushrooms). Audience & diet: offer vegetarian, vegan cheese, and gluten‑free options to widen appeal. Operational cost: meats and specialty cheeses raise food cost; vegetables are cheaper but can add prep time. Popular topping categories and common examples Meats: Pepperoni, sausage, bacon, ham, chicken, prosciutto. Cheeses: Mozzarella (standard), extra cheese, parmesan, ricotta, vegan mozzarella. Vegetables: Mushrooms, onions, bell peppers, olives, spinach, arugula, tomatoes. Seafood & niche: Anchovies, shrimp, clams (niche regional favorites). Novel/Trendy: BBQ chicken, buffalo chicken, truffle oil, plant‑based pepperoni/sausage. Comparison table — common toppings at a glance Topping Popularity (US) Flavor profile Best pairings Diet notes Pepperoni #1 Spicy, salty, fatty Mozzarella; red sauce; mushrooms Not vegetarian Sausage #2 Savory, herbed Onions; peppers; extra cheese Not vegetarian Mushroom Top 5 Earthy, umami Spinach; garlic; white sauce Vegetarian Extra cheese Top 5 Rich, creamy Any pizza; especially meat pies Vegetarian; higher calories Bacon Top 5 Smoky, salty Ranch or BBQ; chicken pizzas Not vegetarian Regional and trend notes Regional differences: some areas prefer sausage over pepperoni (e.g., parts of the Midwest). Rising trends: plant‑based meats and vegan cheeses are growing on menus; Detroit, Grandma, and Sicilian styles are influencing topping combos. Practical recommendations If you want broad appeal: offer a classic pepperoni and a meat/vegetable combo plus a vegetarian option. Pepperoni is the safest single best‑seller. If you want differentiation: test one trending or regional specialty (e.g., truffle oil, BBQ chicken, plant‑based pepperoni). Use Shorts/combos: promote a “build‑your‑own” with a small set of premium toppings to upsell. Risks, trade‑offs, and operational tips Food cost vs. price: premium meats and specialty cheeses increase cost; price them accordingly. Offer add‑ons rather than making them standard. Prep complexity: many vegetable toppings require pre‑cooking or draining to avoid soggy pies. Allergens & labeling: clearly mark common allergens (dairy, pork, shellfish) and provide vegan/vegetarian labeling.

Music, Gaming, and short-form content (Shorts) consistently drive the largest total view counts on YouTube; entertainment (sketches/challenges) and how‑to/education also rank highly depending on region and format. These five subject areas capture the majority of global trending views and viral reach. Top YouTube subjects by total views (quick comparison) Subject Typical share of trending videos Audience Why views scale Monetization potential Gaming ~40% of trending videos Young, global, highly engaged Live streams, long playthroughs, esports, trailers drive huge watch time. High: ads, sponsorships, donations, game sales. Music (official & fan uploads) ~38% of trending videos Very broad, global Official MVs and viral songs get massive repeat plays and Shorts clips. Very high: ad revenue, music deals, merch, streaming cross‑revenue. Shorts / Short-form Rapidly growing; drives viral reach Mobile-first, Gen Z Bite‑size, repeatable, algorithmic distribution; fuels trends and music virality. Moderate to high: growing Shorts fund, sponsorships, channel growth. Entertainment / Comedy / Challenges Large regional hits Broad, trend‑driven Shareable formats and celebrity tie‑ins create spikes in views. High: ads, brand deals, cross‑platform opportunities. How‑to / Education / “Explainers” Strong evergreen views Niche to broad (DIY, tech, cooking) Long‑term search traffic; high watch time per view for tutorials. Good: ads, affiliate links, course sales, sponsorships. Evidence and context Category distribution on trending pages shows Gaming and Music dominate many country trending lists, together often accounting for the largest share of high‑view videos. This is based on cross‑country trending analysis. Music videos remain among the single most‑viewed individual uploads (official MVs can hit hundreds of millions to billions quickly), and music also fuels Shorts virality when songs are used in short clips. Shorts have changed view dynamics: many creators see explosive reach from short clips even if per‑view revenue is lower; Shorts also amplify songs and challenges that then drive long‑form views. Entertainment and challenge formats create cultural moments (e.g., show tie‑ins, viral challenges) that spike views rapidly; YouTube’s year‑end trending lists highlight these as recurring high‑view topics. Practical takeaways for creators If you want raw views fast: focus on music‑aligned Shorts or gaming clips tied to big releases/events. If you want sustainable watch time and revenue: prioritize longer how‑to/tutorials or consistent entertainment series that build repeat viewers. Combine formats: use Shorts to funnel viewers to long‑form videos (music MVs, full gameplay, tutorials) for the best mix of reach and monetization.

Samsung has announced it will discontinue the Samsung Messages app in the United States in July 2026 and is directing Galaxy users to switch to Google Messages; Google Messages will become the default messaging app on affected Samsung phones and brings RCS and Google AI features. What changed and when What Samsung announced: Samsung’s U.S. support pages and community posts state Samsung Messages will be discontinued in July 2026 and users should migrate to Google Messages. Scope: The official notice applies to the U.S. market only; devices on older Android versions (Android 11 or lower) are not affected. Quick comparison (Samsung Messages vs Google Messages) Attribute Samsung Messages Google Messages Status Discontinued in U.S. July 2026 Default replacement on affected Galaxy phones RCS support Limited; vendor-specific Full RCS support across Android; better cross‑platform media AI features No Gemini integration Gemini‑powered features (smart replies, photo remix) Multi‑device Limited Sync across phone, tablet, watch Security / spam Basic filters AI‑powered scam detection and spam filtering (Samsung’s notice and reporting summarize these differences.) Why Google Messages is “taking over” Practical reason: Samsung is consolidating core messaging on the Android ecosystem around Google’s RCS and Google Messages to provide consistent RCS, AI features, and multi‑device sync. Ecosystem effect: Because most Android phones already use Google Messages, Samsung’s move accelerates a single, cross‑device messaging standard on Android in the U.S. market. What this means for users and carriers If you use a Galaxy phone in the U.S.: You should install Google Messages and set it as the default before the cutoff to avoid service disruption. Samsung provides in‑app guidance. RCS caveat: RCS features require both sender and recipient to have RCS enabled; cross‑OS features with iPhone depend on iOS support. Recommendations Install Google Messages from the Play Store and set it as default now to test features and preserve message continuity. Back up important SMS/MMS if you rely on Samsung Messages for archives. Check carrier RCS support if you rely on advanced media or group features.

As of 17 June 2026 Apple has not officially released an “iPhone 18” lineup; the next-generation models widely reported in the press are the rumored iPhone 18 Pro / Pro Max and a new foldable iPhone expected at Apple’s September 2026 event, but those specifications remain unconfirmed until Apple announces them. What’s being reported (rumors, not official) Below I summarize the most‑cited, consistent rumors about the upcoming models. Treat these as leaks/industry reporting rather than confirmed specs. Model Key rumored specs (summary) iPhone 18 Pro A20 (2nm) chip; ~12 GB RAM; smaller Dynamic Island/under‑display Face ID; triple 48MP rear cameras; C2 modem (Apple modem); improved battery life; Sept 2026 launch. iPhone 18 Pro Max Same A20 platform; larger 6.9″ LTPO OLED (high refresh); variable‑aperture camera on Pro Max rumored; bigger battery; 12 GB RAM; advanced camera sensors. iPhone Fold (rumored) Foldable model with ~5.5″ outer / ~7.8″ inner displays, titanium/aluminum frame, dual 48MP rear cameras, C2 modem, Touch ID (cover), large battery (5,500–5,800 mAh). Why these reports matter: multiple industry outlets and supply‑chain analysts have reported the same core items (A20 2nm chip, Apple C2 modem, smaller Dynamic Island, and a foldable model), which increases confidence that these are the main directions Apple is exploring — but Apple’s official specs may differ. What to watch for from Apple’s announcement Official chip and performance numbers (Apple will confirm A20 details). Camera hardware and aperture claims (variable aperture is a high‑impact feature if real). Exact display sizes, battery capacities, and modem details (C2 modem vs. Qualcomm). Recommendation If you need a phone now, buy the current shipping iPhone 17 series or earlier models; if you can wait and want the latest hardware or a foldable, wait for Apple’s September event and the official spec sheet before deciding. The rumor cycle is strong but not definitive.

Cheeses are grouped by texture and production (fresh, soft, semi‑soft, semi‑hard, hard, blue, pasta‑filata, and processed), and the most popular everyday cheeses worldwide include cheddar, mozzarella, parmesan (Parmigiano‑Reggiano), brie, gouda, and feta. Cheese categories Cheeses are commonly classified by moisture/texture and production method: fresh, soft‑ripened, soft, semi‑soft, semi‑hard, hard, blue, and pasta‑filata (e.g., mozzarella). This practical scheme helps match cheese to cooking or serving uses. Comparison table — categories, characteristics, and popular examples Category Texture Flavor profile Common examples Best uses Fresh Very soft, moist Mild, milky Ricotta; Mascarpone; Queso fresco Spreads, desserts, salads. Soft‑ripened Creamy, edible rind Buttery, mushroomy Brie; Camembert Cheese boards, baked. Semi‑soft Smooth, sliceable Mild to tangy Havarti; Munster Sandwiches, melting. Semi‑hard / Hard Firm to crumbly Nutty, sharp Cheddar; Gouda; Parmigiano‑Reggiano Grating, cooking, snacking. Blue Creamy to crumbly with veins Piquant, salty Gorgonzola; Roquefort; Stilton Salads, sauces, bold pairings. Most popular cheeses (consumer perspective) Cheddar and mozzarella top many national consumption lists for versatility and melting properties. Parmigiano‑Reggiano/Parmesan is the go‑to hard grating cheese worldwide. Brie, Gouda, and Feta are consistently among best‑selling specialty cheeses for boards and salads. How to choose (key considerations) Cooking vs. table: choose mozzarella/cheddar for melting; Parmigiano‑Reggiano for grating; brie/blue for boards. Dietary needs: aged hard cheeses often have lower lactose; fresh cheeses are higher in moisture. Authenticity and labeling: look for PDO/PGI labels (e.g., Parmigiano‑Reggiano) if origin matters. Risks, trade‑offs, and tips Fat and sodium: many cheeses are calorie‑dense and salty—moderation matters. Allergies/lactose: some people tolerate aged cheeses better; check labels. Storage: wrap in wax/parchment then plastic bag to preserve flavor and moisture.

Use regular hand soap (or plain soap) for routine handwashing because it’s formulated to clean effectively while protecting skin; dishwashing liquid will clean too but is harsher and can dry or irritate skin with frequent use. Quick decision guide (key considerations and questions) Goal: Remove germs and dirt while preserving skin health. If your hands are greasy or you’re out of hand soap: dish soap will remove grease and germs in a pinch. If you wash hands many times daily or have sensitive skin/eczema: choose a mild hand soap with moisturizers. Decision points: frequency of washing; skin sensitivity; whether hands are heavily soiled with grease. Comparison table (hand soap vs dishwashing soap) Attribute Hand soap Dishwashing soap Cleaning efficacy Effective for germs and dirt Equally effective at removing grease and many germs Skin gentleness Formulated to be milder; often contains moisturizers Stronger surfactants; more drying and irritating pH and skin barrier Closer to skin pH; preserves lipids Often more alkaline; strips natural oils Best use case Routine handwashing, frequent use, sensitive skin Occasional use, very greasy hands, emergency substitute Risk with frequent use Low if mild soap used Higher risk of dryness, cracking, contact dermatitis Evidence and explanation Public‑health guidance: CDC recommends washing hands with soap and water as the best way to remove germs; it does not require a specific brand but emphasizes proper technique and 20 seconds of scrubbing. Efficacy: Both hand soap and dish detergents use surfactants that break up oils and lift microbes so they rinse away; dish soap can be especially effective against greasy soils and many enveloped viruses. Skin effects: Dermatologists and consumer health reviews note dish soap contains stronger degreasing surfactants and fewer emollients, so repeated use increases dryness, irritation, and risk of contact dermatitis. Choose milder formulas or moisturize after washing. Microbiome/skin studies: Research comparing hand soap, detergents, and dish soap shows differences in sebum removal, pH effects, and bacterial community changes—dish soaps often remove more sebum and can alter skin parameters. Practical recommendations Everyday: use a mild hand soap (look for glycerin, “moisturizing,” or pH‑balanced). If you must use dish soap: use a small amount, rinse thoroughly, and apply a moisturizer afterward. Wear gloves for dishwashing tasks. If you have eczema or persistent dryness: consult a dermatologist for recommended cleansers and barrier creams.

confirmed trapeze acts on America’s Got Talent including Duo Transcend (Season 13) and Sirca Marea (Season 20); those are the two trapeze duos explicitly documented in AGT episode and act pages I located. If you want a more exhaustive, season‑by‑season catalog I can continue digging. Confirmed trapeze acts on AGT Below is a concise list of trapeze acts that are explicitly identified in AGT episode/act records and show clips. Act Season(s) Type Notable result Duo Transcend Season 13; AGT The Champions 2 Duo trapeze Reached live shows and finals; returned for Champions. Sirca Marea Season 20 Trapeze duo Advanced to live shows and finals in Season 20. The table above summarizes the verified trapeze duos I found in AGT records and episode summaries. Short notes and sources Duo Transcend is documented as a trapeze duo who auditioned and advanced through Judge Cuts, Quarterfinals, Semifinals and Finals in Season 13; their act and later appearance on AGT: The Champions 2 are covered in the AGT Wiki and video clips. Sirca Marea is documented as a trapeze duo in Season 20 who advanced to the finals; their audition and subsequent live performances are covered in the Season 20 act pages and official clips. Why this list may be incomplete Coverage limits: AGT has many aerial and acrobatic acts across 20+ seasons; some aerialists are billed as “aerialists,” “aerial silks,” or “aerial duo” rather than explicitly “trapeze,” so they may not appear in a simple keyword search. The two acts above are explicitly labeled trapeze in episode/act pages and video descriptions.

Replacing a tile roof is a multi‑day job that requires careful safety prep, full removal of old tiles, inspection and repair of the deck, installing proper underlayment and battens, then laying and fastening new tiles with correct flashing and ridge work. If you’re not comfortable with heights, steep pitches, or structural repairs, hire a licensed roofer. Overview and key considerations Timeframe: Expect several days to a week for a typical house depending on size and crew. Permits and codes: Check local building permits and tile type/load limits before starting. When to hire a pro: Structural rot, complex flashing, steep roofs, or lack of fall‑protection experience are reasons to call a professional. Tools, materials, and PPE Tools: ladder and roof ladder, pry bar/slate ripper, hammer, nail gun (if used), chalk line, circular saw (for battens), caulk gun. Materials: replacement tiles, underlayment (synthetic or felt), roofing battens (if required), roofing nails/clips, ridge tiles, flashing, roofing cement/sealant. PPE & safety: full‑body harness with anchor, non‑slip soft‑soled shoes, hard hat, gloves, spotter on ground. Never work in wet/windy conditions. Step‑by‑step procedure 1. Prepare and protect Clear the work area and lay tarps to catch debris. Set up ladder and fall‑arrest anchors; fit harnesses. Do not work alone. 2. Remove old tiles Start at the ridge and work down toward the eaves to avoid stepping on unsupported tiles. Carefully lift overlapping tiles and remove nails/clips; use a pry bar or tile ripper to avoid breaking adjacent tiles. 3. Inspect and repair decking Remove underlayment and inspect roof deck for rot or damage. Replace any compromised decking and ensure rafters/battens are sound. 4. Install underlayment and battens Roll out underlayment from eave to ridge with proper overlaps and secure with cap nails. Install battens per tile manufacturer spacing if required (many tile systems need battens for proper support). 5. Lay new tiles Start at the bottom eave, align tiles using a chalk line, and work upward in rows. Stagger joints for wind resistance. Fasten tiles with recommended nails/clips or adhesive per manufacturer instructions. 6. Flashing and ridge work Install step flashing at valleys and around penetrations; set ridge tiles with mortar or mechanical clips and seal as specified. Proper flashing is critical to prevent leaks. 7. Final inspection and cleanup Walk the roof (with harness) to check for loose tiles, exposed fasteners, and proper sealant. Remove debris and inspect attic for signs of leaks after the first heavy rain. Risks and troubleshooting Common problems: cracked tiles from foot traffic, improper underlayment leading to leaks, poor flashing at chimneys/valleys. If unsure: get a structural inspection or hire a licensed tile roofer—tile roofs are heavy and mistakes are costly.

State Route 92 over San Francisco Bay San Mateo 36068.9 ft Poor 1967 RTE 10 & Ramps over RTE 110 & 29 Streets Los Angeles 21918.0 ft Fair 1959 Interstate 280 over Caltrain Up Rr City Sts San Francisco 21587.9 ft Fair 1965 Interstate 580 over San Pablo Bay Contra Costa 21345.1 ft Fair 1956 Interstate 80 over Gate San Francisco Bay San Francisco 11523.3 ft Good 2013 I 80-i 880 Conn over SB 880 I 80 W Grand Alameda 11345.1 ft Fair 1996 Interstate 280 over China Basin Viaduct San Francisco 11000.7 ft Fair 1971 Interstate 80 over San Francisco Bay 3 Sts San Francisco 10303.5 ft Fair 1936 U.s. Highway 101 over I-80 & US 101 Ramps Strs San Francisco 10054.8 ft Fair 1955 SR 160 over San Joaquin Rivr Antioch Contra Costa 9437.0 ft Good 1978 U.s. Highway 101 over Golden Gate-san Fran Bay Marin 8997.0 ft Fair 1937 Interstate 80 over Yolo Causeway East Yolo 8799.9 ft Good 1963 Route 710 over Long Beach/terminal Isl Los Angeles 8746.4 ft Fair 2020 Interstate 5 SB over Yolo Bypass Yolo 8710.6 ft Fair 1969 Interstate 5 NB over Yolo Bypass Yolo 8710.6 ft Fair 1969 N&s101- N280&n680 over I 280 I 680 US 101 Story Santa Clara 8646.0 ft Fair 1974 State Route 84 over San Francisco Bay-south San Mateo 8600.1 ft Fair 1981 Interstate 880 NB over Up Rr Bnsf Ry Amtrak Por Alameda 8182.4 ft Good 1998 State Route 75 over San Diego Bay Harbor DR San Diego 7826.1 ft Fair 1969 ST RTE 101 (5th ST over Bayshore Viaduct San Francisco 7502.0 ft Fair 1955 World Way Loop over Sepulv Onramp Century W Los Angeles 7456.7 ft Good 1983 Interstate 680 NB over Up Bnsf Amtrak Suisun Ba Contra Costa 7434.1 ft Good 2007 S5-s55&n55-n5 Hov over I 5 SR 55 Ramps & Sts Orange 7366.1 ft Good 1994 N&s110 Hov Lanes over 42..47..54 & Vernon St. Los Angeles 7131.9 ft Good 1992 S680-s101 Connectr over I 280 I 680 US 101 Story Santa Clara 6537.1 ft Poor 1982 Interstate 880 SB over Up Rr Bnsf Ry Amtrak Por Alameda 6368.1 ft Fair 1998 US 50 (i-305) WB over Sacramento Riv I-5 Conns Sacramento 6346.1 ft Fair 1966 US 50 (i-305) EB over Sacramento Riv I 5 Conns Sacramento 6346.1 ft Fair 1966 Interstate 680 SB over Up Bnsf Amtrak Suisun Ba Contra Costa 6214.9 ft Fair 1962 State Route 47 over San Pedro Terminal Isl Los Angeles 6062.3 ft Poor 1963 US Highway 101 over Haehl Baechtl Cv RD C ST Mendocino 6001.0 ft Good 2016 N5-w4 & S5-e4 Conn over I 5 & Sr4 Cons Slu 3 Sts San Joaquin 5492.1 ft Fair 1972 N215-w91 Connector over I-215 SR 91 SR 60 Bnsf Riverside 5364.2 ft Fair 2008 Interstate 80 EB over Carquinez Strait Up Rr Contra Costa 5209.0 ft Fair 1958 State Route 113 over Sutter Bypass Sutter 5150.9 ft Fair 1968 W24-e&w580 Connctr over I 580 SR 24 Macarthur Alameda 5130.9 ft Good 1970 Sfo-w380 Conn Rmp over N101-san Bruno Off-ramp San Mateo 5066.9 ft Fair 1987 E105-n110 Conn over Route 105 110 Lrt Los Angeles 4826.1 ft Good 1989 S680-e580 Conn Sep over I-680 I-580 Dublin Bl Alameda 4396.3 ft Fair 2001 State Route 162 over Sacramento River Glenn 4389.1 ft Poor 1948 State Route 51 SB over J K L Capitol N P Q S T Sacramento 4379.9 ft Fair 1966 State Route 51 NB over J K L Capitol N P Q S T Sacramento 4379.9 ft Fair 1966 State Route 4 over Crosstown FWY Viaduct San Joaquin 4367.1 ft Fair 1975 SR 92 EB & Ramps over U.s. 101 Marina Lagoon San Mateo 4361.9 ft Good 1971 SR 92 WB & Ramps over U.s. 101 Marina Lagoon San Mateo 4282.2 ft Fair 1971 S405-e105 Connectr over I 405 & I 105 Conns Los Angeles 4198.2 ft Fair 1991 Interstate 880 over Rt260 Mlk Mkt Brdwy Wash Alameda 4178.5 ft Fair 1953 State Route 20 over Sutter Bypass Sutter 4148.6 ft Poor 1938 State Route 47 over Cerritos Channel Los Angeles 4121.7 ft Fair 2022 Interstate 80 WB over Sacramento River (bryte) Yolo 4049.9 ft Fair 1971 Interstate 80 EB over Sacramento River (bryte) Yolo 4049.9 ft Fair 1971 W80-maritime Offrp over EB I-80 WB I-80 SB I-880 Alameda 4028.9 ft Good 1995 E91-n57&s57-w91hov over SR 57 91 & Local Strts Orange 4014.1 ft Good 2000 E&w80-e580 Connctr over Up Rr Bnsf Ry Amtrak Etc Alameda 3996.1 ft Fair 1955 E&w580-e24 Connctr over I580 Sr24 Bartd Conn ST Alameda 3940.0 ft Fair 1970 Route 105 WB over Imperial HWY Los Angeles 3937.0 ft Fair 1990 Route 105 EB over Imperial HWY Los Angeles 3937.0 ft Fair 1990 Nb&sb 110 Hov Viad over I 110 SR 91 & Connectors Los Angeles 3937.0 ft Good 1995 Interstate 805 SB over I-8 Rmps Sts Sdriv Rails San Diego 3910.1 ft Fair 1972 Interstate 805 NB over I-8 Rmps Sts Sdriv Rails San Diego 3910.1 ft Fair 1972 E105-n110 Hov over 105 WB & 110 SB Sts Los Angeles 3861.5 ft Good 1993 N238-s880 Connectr over I 880 I 238 Up Rr Amtrak Alameda 3828.1 ft Good 1991 Departing Flt Trfc over Arriving Flight Traffic San Mateo 3804.8 ft Poor 1973 N405-e&w118 Conn over I 405 SR 118 Chatswrth Los Angeles 3753.0 ft Fair 1977 Interstate 880 SB over Adeline Bartd Union 5th Alameda 3734.9 ft Fair 1998 W580-e&w80 Connctr over Up Rr Bnsf Ry Amtrak Etc Alameda 3688.0 ft Fair 1935 Interstate 5 SB over Sacramento Riv (elkhorn) Yolo 3629.9 ft Fair 1969 Interstate 5 NB over Sacramento Riv (elkhorn) Yolo 3629.9 ft Fair 1969 Interstate 880 NB over Adeline Bartd Union 5th Alameda 3622.0 ft Fair 1998 S710-e105 Connecto over Rtes 105 & 710 Ltr&conn Los Angeles 3604.0 ft Fair 1990 Interstate 5 & Rr over Shasta Lake Shasta 3587.9 ft Fair 1941 Route 105 & Lrt over Up Rr Alameda Mona Los Angeles 3565.0 ft Fair 1993 E10/w10 Busways over 101 Ramps & City Streets Los Angeles 3481.0 ft Good 1989 Taylor Street over State Route 87 Santa Clara 3473.1 ft Fair 2003 Interstate 80 WB over Carquinez Straits Rr Contra Costa 3464.6 ft Fair 2003 Interstate 215 SB over I 60 I215 Bnsf Spruce Riverside 3428.5 ft Good 2008 S5-s805 Connector over I-5 I-805 & Local Roads San Diego 3428.5 ft Good 2005 S15-s5 Connector over I-5 I-15 Ramps National San Diego 3393.0 ft Fair 1978 S605-e10 Conn over Interstate 10 Los Angeles 3363.8 ft Good 2015 N405-bristol Offrp over Airport Channel Orange 3353.0 ft Good 2002 S710-e91 Connector over Routes 710 & 91 L A Riv Los Angeles 3349.7 ft Fair 1971 West Grand Avenue over Uprr Bnsf Amtrak Wood Alameda 3326.8 ft Fair 1997 Route 125 over Otay River San Diego 3320.2 ft Good 2007 E&w580-w980 Cnnctr over I580 980 Bartd Conns Sts Alameda 3311.0 ft Fair 1970 State Route 37 over Napa River And Wilson Av Solano 3280.2 ft Poor 1963 E&w91-s110 Conn over Routes 110 & 91 Cons Sts Los Angeles 3233.9 ft Good 1985 S5-e91 Connector over Up Rr I 5 SR 91 Magnolia Orange 3220.1 ft Good 2002 E134-2 Connector over Routes 134 & 2 3 Streets Los Angeles 3219.2 ft Good 1967 State Route 99 SB over Feather River Sutter 3186.0 ft Fair 1958 Interstate 80 WB over 2nd 3rd And 4th Street San Francisco 3182.1 ft Good 2008 State Route 99 NB over Feather River Sutter 3148.0 ft Good 2014 Interstate 5 SB over Up Rr Bnsf Amtrak I ST Sacramento 3144.0 ft Good 1969 Interstate 5 NB over Up Rr Bnsf Amtrak I ST Sacramento 3144.0 ft Fair 1969 N57-e60&w60-s57hov over SR 60 Golden Springs DR Los Angeles 3133.2 ft Good 2007

The Patriots’ season‑by‑season yearly stats (wins, losses, division finish, playoff result, points for/against, etc.) are published in full on Pro‑Football‑Reference and the team’s record pages; below I summarize the most recent seasons (2016–2025) and link the authoritative sources so you can get the complete season‑by‑season table. What I’m showing here What this summary contains: season, regular‑season W–L, division finish, playoff result, points for (PF) and points against (PA) for each year 2016–2025. Where to get every year back to 1960: the full franchise season table (all stats and ranks) is available on Pro‑Football‑Reference and the Patriots’ team record pages. Patriots yearly summary (selected seasons 2016–2025) Season W–L Div Finish Playoffs PF PA 2025 14–3 1st AFC East Lost Super Bowl 490 320 2024 4–13 4th AFC East — 289 417 2023 4–13 4th AFC East — 236 366 2022 8–9 3rd AFC East — 364 347 2021 10–7 2nd AFC East Lost Wild Card 462 303 2020 7–9 3rd AFC East — 326 353 2019 12–4 1st AFC East Lost Wild Card 420 225 2018 11–5 1st AFC East Won Super Bowl 436 325 2017 13–3 1st AFC East Lost Super Bowl 458 296 2016 14–2 1st AFC East Won Super Bowl 441 250 (Data compiled from team season tables and season summaries.) How to get the full yearly stats (complete franchise history) Pro‑Football‑Reference provides a downloadable season table (regular season and playoff records, PF/PA, coaches, ranks, and advanced metrics) for every Patriots season since 1960. Use the team encyclopedia or export CSV/Excel from the site. Team pages and aggregators (e.g., Pro Football Network) also list year‑by‑year records and quick season summaries. Quick notes and caveats Confirm with the source if you need official, exportable data for research or publication; Pro‑Football‑Reference is the standard reference for historical NFL season stats.

Macs prioritize integration, battery life, and a polished user experience; Windows laptops offer greater hardware variety, broader software and gaming compatibility, and more price points. Key differences at a glance Attribute Mac (macOS, Apple silicon) Windows (Windows 11/10, Intel/AMD/NVIDIA) Ecosystem Tight Apple integration; iPhone/iPad continuity; fewer models. Wide device and accessory ecosystem; works with many phone brands. Hardware variety Limited models; consistent build quality. Huge variety from many OEMs; wide price range. Performance & chips Apple silicon optimized for efficiency and sustained performance. Broad CPU/GPU choices; can offer higher peak performance and gaming GPUs. Software compatibility Strong for creative apps; some pro/enterprise Windows apps missing. Largest software library; best for enterprise, engineering, and gaming. Battery life Typically longer due to Apple silicon efficiency. Varies widely; high‑end ultrabooks good, gaming laptops shorter. Price & upgradeability Premium pricing; limited internal upgrades. From budget to premium; more upgrade/repair options. Evidence and context Integration and UX: Apple controls hardware and software, producing a consistent, tightly integrated experience (continuity features, trackpad, build quality). This leads to fewer models but a more uniform user experience. Hardware choice and price: Windows laptops come from many manufacturers, giving far more choices across budgets and form factors (2‑in‑1s, gaming rigs, workstation towers). Performance and efficiency: Apple silicon (M‑series) emphasizes performance per watt and long battery life, while Windows machines can offer higher raw GPU power for gaming and specialized workloads. Software and compatibility: macOS is favored in many creative workflows; Windows remains dominant for enterprise apps, engineering software, and the widest game library. Decision guide — pick based on what matters most Choose a Mac if you value battery life, a polished ecosystem with iPhone/iPad continuity, and creative apps; prefer a simple, consistent lineup. (Best for mobile creatives, writers, and users who value simplicity.) Choose Windows if you need hardware variety, gaming performance, enterprise/engineering software, or a lower price point; you want upgradeability or specific ports. (Best for gamers, engineers, and budget‑conscious buyers.) Risks, trade‑offs, and practical tips Trade‑off: Macs are less upgradeable and often pricier per GB/RAM; Windows offers choice but requires careful model selection to avoid poor quality. Check compatibility for any specialized software before buying. Security: Both platforms are secure when updated; macOS benefits from tighter control, while Windows requires more attention to configuration and updates. If you’re unsure: List your must‑run apps, whether you game, and how long you need battery life. Use that to prioritize ecosystem vs hardware flexibility.

Pick an external drive at least 2–4× the amount of data you currently use on the computer; choose larger if you want multiple full backups, long retention, or to back up several machines. How to decide (step‑by‑step) Measure your used data. Check how much space is actually used (not the drive capacity). On Windows: This PC → look at used space per drive; on macOS: About This Mac → Storage. This is the baseline number. Decide backup strategy. Do you want: one full image, one full + several incrementals, or multiple full images (versioning)? Incremental/differential backups save space; full images need more. Apply a sizing rule of thumb. Common recommendations: minimum 1.5–3× your used data for a single-machine routine backup; 3–4× if you want multiple full images and room to grow; more if you back up several computers to one drive. Choose drive type by budget and speed. HDDs give the best cost/GB for long‑term backups; SSDs are faster and more durable but cost more per GB. For most backups an HDD is the economical choice. Factor future growth and retention. Add 20–50% headroom for new files, OS updates, and temporary growth; double the size if you plan to keep many historical backups. Quick comparison table (common choices) Capacity Best for Pros Limitations 500 GB Single small laptop; documents only Cheap; portable Won’t hold large media or multiple full images. 1 TB Typical laptop with photos/music Good for one full image + incrementals Limited for video-heavy users. 2 TB Power users; one desktop Holds multiple full images; good headroom Higher cost; still limited for many machines. 4 TB Family backups; media libraries Comfortable for several machines; long retention Larger physical drives; more expensive. 8+ TB Archival, multiple PCs, video projects Best for multi‑device and long‑term versioning Highest cost; consider RAID or cloud hybrid. Practical checklist before buying Calculate used data and multiply by your chosen factor (1.5–4×). Decide HDD vs SSD based on speed vs cost. Pick interface: USB‑3/USB‑C for speed and future compatibility. Plan retention: how many versions/days/months you want to keep. Important: Back up regularly and verify backups; capacity is cheap compared with lost data. If you want, tell me your current “used space” number and whether you want multiple machines or versioning, and I’ll calculate a recommended drive size and model range.

If you spill liquid on your laptop keyboard, immediately power it off, unplug and remove the battery if possible, turn the laptop upside down to drain, blot excess liquid, and let it dry completely before powering on. Immediate actions Power off and unplug. Hold the power button until the machine shuts down and remove the power adapter. This prevents short circuits. Remove the battery if accessible. If your model has a removable battery, take it out right away. If the battery is internal and you cannot remove it safely, skip this step and focus on powering down and unplugging. Invert to drain. Open the laptop as far as it goes and turn it upside down (tent or “V” position) so liquid can run out instead of deeper into components. Leave it like this for at least 1–2 hours. Clean and dry safely Blot, don’t wipe. Use a lint‑free cloth or paper towel to gently blot visible liquid; avoid rubbing which can push liquid further in. Remove external peripherals. Unplug USB drives, mice, SD cards, and any accessories. Remove batteries from wireless keyboards. Use compressed air and isopropyl alcohol for sticky spills. For sugary or oily liquids (soda, coffee), once power is off and surface moisture removed, use 90%+ isopropyl alcohol on cotton swabs to clean sticky residue around keys. Do not pour liquids into the laptop. Do not use heat. Avoid hairdryers on hot settings or ovens; use a fan or cool air only. Heat can warp components. Wait time and testing Let it dry thoroughly. Allow at least 24 hours for small spills and 48 hours or more for larger or sugary spills before attempting to power on. Some guides recommend longer if internal components were exposed. Test carefully. After drying, reinstall the battery/power and power on. If you see odd behavior, missing keys, or smells, power off immediately and seek repair. When to get professional help Seek service if: liquid reached ports, the trackpad, or you notice corrosion, persistent malfunction, or the laptop won’t boot. Internal cleaning or board repair may be required. Prevention tips Use a spill‑resistant keyboard cover or keep drinks away from electronics. Back up data regularly so a spill won’t risk important files. Key takeaway: Power off, unplug, remove battery if possible, drain and blot, clean sticky residue with isopropyl alcohol, and let the laptop dry 24–48+ hours before turning it on; get professional repair if problems persist.

A complete, credited list of every Harrison Ford film and TV acting credit is maintained on his filmography pages at Wikipedia and IMDb; below I’ve listed his major and supporting film and television credits (high‑profile and recurring roles) with sources so you can get the full, official list. Films (selected full‑career highlights and starring roles) Dead Heat on a Merry‑Go‑Round (1966). Luv (1967). A Time for Killing (1967). Journey to Shiloh (1968). Zabriskie Point (1970). Getting Straight (1970). American Graffiti (1973). The Conversation (1974). Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope (1977). Apocalypse Now (1979) – small role. The Empire Strikes Back (1980). Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981). Blade Runner (1982). Return of the Jedi (1983). Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984). Witness (1985). The Mosquito Coast (1986). Working Girl (1988). Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989). Regarding Henry (1991). Patriot Games (1992). The Fugitive (1993). Clear and Present Danger (1994). Sabrina (1995). Air Force One (1997). Six Days, Seven Nights (1998). Random Hearts (1999). K‑19: The Widowmaker (2002). Hollywood Homicide (2003) — supporting role. Firewall (2006). Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008). Crossing Over (2009) — supporting role. Morning Glory (2010). Cowboys & Aliens (2011). 42 (2013). Ender’s Game (2013). The Age of Adaline (2015). Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015). Blade Runner 2049 (2017). The Call of the Wild (2019) — voice/acting credit. Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023). Captain America: Brave New World (2025) — credited appearance per industry listings. Television (selected recurring and notable appearances) The Virginian (guest appearances, early 1960s). Ironside (guest role). Gunsmoke (guest role). Petrocelli (guest role). Frontline (narration/appearance in documentary series). Nature Is Speaking (short‑film series narration).

1975 Golden State Warriors (1) (6, 3–3) Al Attles 4–0 Washington Bullets (2) (2, 0–2) K.C. Jones Rick Barry [38] 1976 Phoenix Suns (3) (1, 0–1) John MacLeod 2–4 Boston Celtics (1) (14, 13–1) Tom Heinsohn Jo Jo White [39] 1977[d] Portland Trail Blazers (3) (1, 1–0) Jack Ramsay 4–2 Philadelphia 76ers (1) (5, 2–3) Gene Shue Bill Walton [42] 1978 Seattle SuperSonics (4) (1, 0–1) Lenny Wilkens 3–4 Washington Bullets (3) (3, 1–2) Dick Motta Wes Unseld [43] 1979 Seattle SuperSonics (1) (2, 1–1) 4–1 Washington Bullets (1) (4, 1–3) Dennis Johnson [44] 1980 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (16, 7–9) Paul Westhead 4–2 Philadelphia 76ers (3) (6, 2–4) Billy Cunningham Magic Johnson [45] 1981 Houston Rockets (6) (1, 0–1) Del Harris 2–4 Boston Celtics (1) (15, 14–1) Bill Fitch Cedric Maxwell [46] 1982 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (17, 8–9) Pat Riley 4–2 Philadelphia 76ers (3) (7, 2–5) Billy Cunningham Magic Johnson [47] 1983 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (18, 8–10) 0–4 Philadelphia 76ers (1) (8, 3–5) Moses Malone [48] 1984[e] Los Angeles Lakers (1) (19, 8–11) 3–4 Boston Celtics (1) (16, 15–1) K.C. Jones Larry Bird [49] 1985 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (20, 9–11) 4–2 Boston Celtics (1) (17, 15–2) Kareem Abdul-Jabbar [50] 1986 Houston Rockets (2) (2, 0–2) Bill Fitch 2–4 Boston Celtics (1) (18, 16–2) Larry Bird [51] 1987 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (21, 10–11) Pat Riley 4–2 Boston Celtics (1) (19, 16–3) Magic Johnson [52] 1988 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (22, 11–11) 4–3 Detroit Pistons (2) (3, 0–3) Chuck Daly James Worthy [53] 1989 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (23, 11–12) 0–4 Detroit Pistons (1) (4, 1–3) Joe Dumars [54] 1990 Portland Trail Blazers (3) (2, 1–1) Rick Adelman 1–4 Detroit Pistons (1) (5, 2–3) Isiah Thomas [55] 1991 Los Angeles Lakers (3) (24, 11–13) Mike Dunleavy 1–4 Chicago Bulls (1) (1, 1–0) Phil Jackson Michael Jordan [56] 1992 Portland Trail Blazers (1) (3, 1–2) Rick Adelman 2–4 Chicago Bulls (1) (2, 2–0) [57] 1993 Phoenix Suns (1) (2, 0–2) Paul Westphal 2–4 Chicago Bulls (2) (3, 3–0) [58] 1994 Houston Rockets (2) (3, 1–2) Rudy Tomjanovich 4–3 New York Knicks (2) (7, 2–5) Pat Riley Hakeem Olajuwon [59] 1995 Houston Rockets (6) (4, 2–2) 4–0 Orlando Magic (1) (1, 0–1) Brian Hill [60] 1996 Seattle SuperSonics (1) (3, 1–2) George Karl 2–4 Chicago Bulls (1) (4, 4–0) Phil Jackson Michael Jordan [61] 1997 Utah Jazz (1) (1, 0–1) Jerry Sloan 2–4 Chicago Bulls (1) (5, 5–0) [62] 1998 Utah Jazz (1) (2, 0–2) 2–4 Chicago Bulls (1) (6, 6–0) [63] 1999[f] San Antonio Spurs (1) (1, 1–0) Gregg Popovich 4–1 New York Knicks (8) (8, 2–6) Jeff Van Gundy Tim Duncan [65] 2000 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (25, 12–13) Phil Jackson 4–2 Indiana Pacers (1) (1, 0–1) Larry Bird Shaquille O'Neal [66] 2001 Los Angeles Lakers (2) (26, 13–13) 4–1 Philadelphia 76ers (1) (9, 3–6) Larry Brown [67] 2002 Los Angeles Lakers (3) (27, 14–13) 4–0 New Jersey Nets (1) (1, 0–1) Byron Scott [68] 2003 San Antonio Spurs (1) (2, 2–0) Gregg Popovich 4–2 New Jersey Nets (2) (2, 0–2) Tim Duncan [69] 2004 Los Angeles Lakers (2) (28, 14–14) Phil Jackson 1–4 Detroit Pistons (3) (6, 3–3) Larry Brown Chauncey Billups [70] 2005 San Antonio Spurs (2) (3, 3–0) Gregg Popovich 4–3 Detroit Pistons (2) (7, 3–4) Tim Duncan [71] 2006 Dallas Mavericks (4) (1, 0–1) Avery Johnson 2–4 Miami Heat (2) (1, 1–0) Pat Riley Dwyane Wade [72] 2007 San Antonio Spurs (3) (4, 4–0) Gregg Popovich 4–0 Cleveland Cavaliers (2) (1, 0–1) Mike Brown Tony Parker [73] 2008 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (29, 14–15) Phil Jackson 2–4 Boston Celtics (1) (20, 17–3) Doc Rivers Paul Pierce [74] 2009 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (30, 15–15) 4–1 Orlando Magic (3) (2, 0–2) Stan Van Gundy Kobe Bryant [75] 2010 Los Angeles Lakers (1) (31, 16–15) 4–3 Boston Celtics (4) (21, 17–4) Doc Rivers [76] 2011 Dallas Mavericks (3) (2, 1–1) Rick Carlisle 4–2 Miami Heat (2) (2, 1–1) Erik Spoelstra Dirk Nowitzki [77] 2012[g] Oklahoma City Thunder (2) (4, 1–3) Scott Brooks 1–4 Miami Heat (2) (3, 2–1) LeBron James [80] 2013 San Antonio Spurs (2) (5, 4–1) Gregg Popovich 3–4 Miami Heat (1) (4, 3–1) [81] 2014 San Antonio Spurs (1) (6, 5–1) 4–1 Miami Heat (2) (5, 3–2) Kawhi Leonard [82] 2015 Golden State Warriors (1) (7, 4–3) Steve Kerr 4–2 Cleveland Cavaliers (2) (2, 0–2) David Blatt Andre Iguodala [83] 2016 Golden State Warriors (1) (8, 4–4) 3–4 Cleveland Cavaliers (1) (3, 1–2) Tyronn Lue LeBron James [84] 2017 Golden State Warriors (1) (9, 5–4) 4–1 Cleveland Cavaliers (2) (4, 1–3) Kevin Durant [85] 2018 Golden State Warriors (2) (10, 6–4) 4–0 Cleveland Cavaliers (4) (5, 1–4) [86] 2019 Golden State Warriors (1) (11, 6–5) 2–4 Toronto Raptors (2) (1, 1–0) Nick Nurse Kawhi Leonard [87] 2020[h] Los Angeles Lakers (1) (32, 17–15) Frank Vogel 4–2 Miami Heat (5) (6, 3–3) Erik Spoelstra LeBron James [89] 2021 Phoenix Suns (2) (3, 0–3) Monty Williams 2–4 Milwaukee Bucks (3) (3, 2–1) Mike Budenholzer Giannis Antetokounmpo [90] 2022 Golden State Warriors (3) (12, 7–5) Steve Kerr 4–2 Boston Celtics (2) (22, 17–5) Ime Udoka Stephen Curry [91] 2023 Denver Nuggets (1) (1, 1–0) Michael Malone 4–1 Miami Heat (8) (7, 3–4) Erik Spoelstra Nikola Jokić [92] 2024 Dallas Mavericks (5) (3, 1–2) Jason Kidd 1–4 Boston Celtics (1) (23, 18–5) Joe Mazzulla Jaylen Brown [93] 2025 Oklahoma City Thunder (1) (5, 2–3) Mark Daigneault 4–3 Indiana Pacers (4) (2, 0–2) Rick Carlisle Shai Gilgeous-Alexander [94] 2026 San Antonio Spurs (2) (7, 5–2) Mitch Johnson 1–4 New York Knicks (3) (9, 3–6) Mike Brown Jalen Brunson [95]

In the 50‑year span from 1976 through 2026, the following NHL franchises have won the Stanley Cup. If you want the exact winning years for any team, tell me which team and I’ll list every year they won within this period. Teams that won the Stanley Cup (1976–2026) Anaheim Ducks Boston Bruins Calgary Flames Carolina Hurricanes Chicago Blackhawks Colorado Avalanche Dallas Stars Detroit Red Wings Edmonton Oilers Florida Panthers Los Angeles Kings Montreal Canadiens New Jersey Devils New York Islanders New York Rangers Pittsburgh Penguins St. Louis Blues Tampa Bay Lightning Vegas Golden Knights (Note: the list excludes teams whose last Cup win was before 1976, e.g., Toronto Maple Leafs’ last win was 1967.) Quick context and verification Source basis: this list is compiled from official NHL championship records and comprehensive year‑by‑year lists (NHL.com and the Stanley Cup champions list). The NHL’s official champions page provides the year‑by‑year winners; Wikipedia and Hockey‑Reference provide corroborating historical tables.